1. Problem Title:  *

2. Unit: 

*

3. Semester/Year:  *

4. RELEVANCE (Questions 4 to 13)

The problem scenario is relevant to social health concerns.

(Social health concerns are the major health problems or health issues in the community (country) as identified by appropriate authorities (local health officials, public health bodies, the Ministry of Health, and/or the community)). *

5. The problem scenario addresses one or more of the social determinants of health.

(Social determinants of health are economic and social conditions and their distributions across the population, influencing individual and group differences in health status, such as income, education, employment, etc.) *

6. The problem scenario points out the relevant principles of health promotion and preventive measures.

(Health promotion integrates the three dimensions of the WHO health definition (physical, social, and mental dimensions, and often spiritual health) that result in changed behaviour among individuals and/or the population). *

7. The problem scenario reflects the involvement of different stakeholders in health care.

(Stakeholders in health include patients, healthcare providers, insurance providers, family, community, society, government, and non-governmental organisations).  *

8. The problem scenario integrates the relevant psychosocial issues, rather than only disease-oriented issues. *

9. The problem scenario reflects the relevant health system management issues.

 (Policies and plans adopted by government and other stakeholders to govern and maintain the health of the communities and individuals; e.g. immunisation policy and infectious disease notifications, etc.) *

10. The problem scenario includes the relevant elements of medical professionalism.

 (Professionalism is the competencies or skills expected of a doctor by the public and individual patients; e.g. honesty and integrity). *

11. The problem scenario includes triggers* embedded in the (primary to tertiary) health care referral system based on the case complexity.

* PBL triggers are well-mapped educational concepts and strategic clues that lead students to generate learning issues correlated with predetermined curriculum objectives. *

12. The problem scenario includes triggers* linked to the evolving roles of doctors in the health system.

(The evolving role of doctors in the twenty-first century includes working in teams, utilising resources effectively, providing patient-centred care, advocating for health care systems, and increasing accessibility for patients).

* PBL triggers are well-mapped educational concepts and strategic clues that lead students to generate learning issues correlated with predetermined curriculum objectives. *

13. The problem scenario includes triggers* highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient management.  

* PBL triggers are well-mapped educational concepts and strategic clues that lead students to generate learning issues correlated with predetermined curriculum objectives. *

14. EQUITY (Questions 14 to 18)

The problem addresses the ethnicity of the patient. *

15. The problem addresses the socioeconomic aspects of the patient. *

16. The problem addresses the patient’s age group.   *

17. The problem addresses the patient’s gender. *

18. The problem scenario includes under-served, disadvantaged, or vulnerable populations in society. *

19. COST-EFFECTIVENESS  

The problem scenario includes triggers* for discussing treatment costs and providing alternatives.  

* PBL triggers are well-mapped educational concepts and strategic clues that lead students to generate learning issues correlated with predetermined curriculum objectives. *

20. QUALITY  

The problem scenario includes the concept of ‘person-centered healthcare’.

(Person-centered care is a way of thinking and doing things that sees the people who use health as equal partners in planning, developing, and monitoring care to make sure it meets their needs). *